Mutlu pazarlar, çevirmeye çalışın arkadaşlar.Faydalı bir yazı.
Welcome to the forum. Thanks for your question. It provides an opportunity for a slightly longer, blog-like reply that I can use for future similar question. Indeed there remains confusion about HIV seroconversion intervals (window periods). Most of the confusion can be sorted out by considering the test type and when the tests were developed and first used. The earliest tests, which detect only antibody, i.e. the body's immune response to HIV, took up to 8 weeks and rarely 3 months to become positive, the origin of the initial advice for 3 months to conclusive results, sometimes extended to 6 months by conservative advisors. However, those original tests are no longer used, or only rarely. The main tests in use today are newer antibody tests ("3rd generation") and antigen-antibody (Ag/Ab, "combo", "duo", "4th generation") tests. Antigen measures virus, which appears in the blood first, as well as the immune response (antibody). For over a decade, these are the only tests in routine use in most settings, with a few exceptions mentioned below. The modern antibody tests are usually positive by 4 weeks and nearly always by 6 weeks, but may rarely require 8 weeks. The Ag/Ab tests almost always are positive by 4 weeks, but on rare occasions require 6 weeks, but never longer. Agencies, physicians, etc who still advise 3 mo. either are simply behind the times, i.e. haven't updated their websites and brochures in the past 10-15 years, or simply hyper-conservative in their advice. For the Ag/Ab tests, 4 weeks was commonly advised until a year ago, when a comprehensive summary by CDC showed that it rarely can take 6 weeks -- hence that's the most accepted conclusive interval for those tests. Apparent exceptions to the rules above: Here and there older antibody tests ("second generation") still are used and may rarely take 3 months to conclusive results. The most common example that I know of is the Home Access test, wherein the user collects a blood specimen at home and mails it to the company. Even though the oral fluids antibody tests (Oraquick) technically is 3rd generation, the amount of antibody in crevicular fluid (the juices between gum and tooth) have much lower antibody levels than blood, and so these tests can take up to 3 months to become positive. Finally, when someone is taking anti-HIV drugs as pre-exposure or post exposure prophylaxis (PrEP, PEP), if treatment doesn't work -- i.e. they become infected despite treatment -- in theory it could take longer for the tests to become positive, so most experts recommend final testing at 3 months or even 6 months after PEP or PrEP. There are no medications, illnesses, or vaccines that alter the time to reliable HIV testing. That's not quite an urban myth, because at one time there was biological plausibility for such effects. However, if this occurs at all, it is (and always has been) extremely rare and occurred only with profound immune deficiencies, such as might occur with cancer chemotherapy or high-dose immunosuppression of the sort used after organ transplants. Even here, it's rarely a problem, especially with the Ag/Ab tests. If immune difficulties interfere with antibody production, antigen rises to even higher levels than otherwise. If anything, these tests might be more strongly positive in such persons, or positive sooner, not later. (At least that's the theory. But it's such a rare problem that nobody really knows for sure.) Certainly TDAP nor any other vaccine has any effect and neither do common colds or other infections that cause the symptoms you describe. As for your exposure, it was very low risk for HIV to start with. In any case, all your test results were valid. The 4 day result was conclusive for gonorrhea and chlamydia, but meaningless for all the blood tests, except as a baseline to know you weren't infected before the exposure. But all blood tests were conclusive at 39 days. That's 3 days short of 6 weeks for the HIV tests, but given the near zero risk you were infected, it can and should be considered conclusive. I hope this information is helpful. Let me know if anything isn't clear.
